Windows Subsystem for Linux(简称WSL)是一个在Windows 10\11上能够运行原生Linux二进制可执行文件(ELF格式)的兼容层。它是由微软与Canonical公司合作开发，开发人员可以在 Windows计算机上同时访问 Windows和Linux的强大功能。通过适用于Linux的Windows子系统(WSL)，开发人员可以安装Linux发行版(例如 Ubuntu、OpenSUSE、Kali、Debian、Arch Linux等)，并直接在Windows上使用Linux应用程序、实用程序和Bash命令行工具，不用进行任何修改，也无需承担传统虚拟机或双启动设置的费用。

WSL安装使用

一、安装

安装Terminal(非必须)
安装WSL(win10自带)
安装虚拟平台(启用WSL功能)：wsl --install

二、使用

wsl –hep

查看列表：wsl -l
- 包含状态信息：wsl -l -v
安装系统

Mircosoft store模式
- 打开Mircosoft store
- 首页搜索ubuntu、debian等
- 选择版本安装，如：Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS
- 启动Linux系统，点击上一步安装完成的系统即可，等待安装完成
命令行模式
- 查看支持的系统：wsl –list –online
- 安装指定的系统：wsl –install Ubuntu-24.04
  - 报错：无法从“https://raw.githubusercontent.com/microsoft/WSL/master/distributions/DistributionInfo.json”中提取列表分发。操作超时
  - 打开vpn

进入系统：wsl -d Debian
- 只有一个则只需：wsl
- 多个则指定-d参数
关闭系统：wsl –shutdown
- wsl -d Ubuntu-22.04 –shutdown
设置默认：wsl -s Debian
设置代理

查看windows地址：ipconfig，得到vEthernet (WSL)的IPv4地址：172.27.144.1
进入系统
- export http_proxy=http://172.27.144.1:7890
- export https_proxy=https://172.27.144.1:7890

取消代理

unset http_proxy
unset https_proxy

卸载系统：wsl –unregister Ubuntu-24.04

三、问题

安装多个相同版本的Linux
安装多个Linux发行版，ip地址一样

四、参考

以Ubuntu-24.04为例

一、安装

wsl –install Ubuntu-24.04
wsl，进入系统

wsl –user root，以root用户进入系统

设置用户名和密码：liusir/123456
sudo su -

123456

passwd root

123456

ifconfig

Command ‘ifconfig’ not found, but can be installed with:
- apt install net-tools

apt update
apt upgrade
systemctl start sshd

Failed to start sshd.service: Unit sshd.service not found.
- apt install openssh-server
- systemctl enable ssh.service
- systemctl list-units –type=service | grep ssh，查看已安装的服务
- vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
  - PermitRootLogin yes
- service sshd restart
- 卸载服务
  - apt remove openssh-server
  - apt autoremove

usermod -l liuyulong liusir，修改用户名
userdel liuyulong
groupdel liusir
cd /home && rm -rf liusir
useradd liusir
passwd liusir
useradd liuyulong

ssh登录报错
- /home/liusir/.hushlogin file.
- touch: cannot touch ‘/home/liusir/.motd_shown’: No such file or directory
- cd /home
- mkhomedir_helper liusir
- mkhomedir_helper liuyulong
  - useradd liusir -m
  - useradd liuyulong -m
  - usermod -s /bin/bash liusir
  - usermod -s /bin/bash liuyulong
再次登录，报错：/usr/bin/xauth: file /home/liusir/.Xauthority does not exist
- 在对应主目录下创建：touch .Xauthority

卸载Ubuntu-24.04： wsl –unregister Ubuntu-24.04

二、其他

安装ssh服务

安装服务：apt-get install openssh-server
启动服务：systemctl start ssh
开机启动：systemctl enable ssh
- service ssh start
- service ssh status

设置源

备份：cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
修改：vim sources.list

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

安装多个相同发行版本的Linux

一、操作

下载：https://github.com/DDoSolitary/LxRunOffline/releases/download/v3.5.0/LxRunOffline-v3.5.0-msvc.zip
解压
执行：LxRunOffline.exe d -n Ubuntu-24.04 -d C:\WSL\Ubuntu-24.04-02 -N Ubuntu-24.04-02

报错：[ERROR] The distro "Ubuntu-24.04-02" already exists.
解决：wsl –unregister Ubuntu-24.04-02，卸载后重新复制

修改hostname：/etc/hostname

sudo hostnamectl set-hostname ubuntu-01
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname ubuntu-02

修改hosts：/etc/hosts

127.0.1.1 ubuntu-01
127.0.1.1 ubuntu-02

退出重进

二、问题

复制报错，多半为参数问题
复制后ip/mac什么的都一样

修改IP地址和MAC地址
- sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0
- sudo route add default gw 192.168.1.1 dev eth0
- sudo ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:EE
  - 报错：SIOCSIFHWADDR: Device or resource busy - you may need to down the interface
  - 处理
    - sudo ifconfig eth0 down
    - sudo ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:EE
    - sudo ifconfig eth0 up
- sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0
- sudo route add default gw 192.168.1.1 dev eth0
- sudo ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:A1:B1:C1:D1:E1
  - sudo ifconfig eth0 down
  - sudo ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:A1:B1:C1:D1:E1
  - sudo ifconfig eth0 up

三、参考

https://github.com/DDoSolitary/LxRunOffline

Ubuntu-安装MySQL

目录规划
- 安装目录：/usr/local/mysql
- 数据目录：/mysql/data
- 错误日志：/tmp/mysql/
- 慢查询日志：/tmp/mysql/
- socks目录：/var/run/mysqld/
用户设置和目录设置
- groupadd mysql
- useradd -r -g mysql mysql
- 准备数据目录 mkdir -p /data/mysql
- 赋予权限 chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql

安装

apt-get update
apt-get install cmake openssl libssl-dev libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev build-essential pkg-config git net-tools -f build-essential libncurses5-dev libncurses5
wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-boost-5.7.44.tar.gz
解压源码至/usr/local/mysql-5.7.44
cmake . -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.44/boost/boost_1_59_0
make && make install
- 有时候安装失败或想更换安装选项，重新设置后make clean
切换到安装目录 cd /usr/local/mysql
sudo cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
sudo chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysqld
sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
修改配置文件，默认/etc/mysql/conf.d/mysql.cnf

[client]
port=3306

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysql.sock #有坑
pid-file = /tmp/mysql/mysql.pid
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql
tmpdir = /tmp/mysql
character_set_server = utf8mb4
collation_server = utf8mb4_bin
log-error=/tmp/mysql/error.log
secure-file-priv = /tmp/mysql/
# bind-address=localhost    # MySQL绑定IP
wait_timeout = 86400
binlog_cache_size = 16M
slow_query_log = true
slow_query_log_file = /tmp/mysql/slow_query_log.log
long_query_time = 1

sudo mysqld –defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf –user=root –initialize，初始化数据库并得到初始密码：gae>=TdlA3Ff
启动MySQL：sudo service mysqld start/sudo systemctl start mysql.service
关闭MySQL：sudo service mysqld stop/sudo systemctl stop mysql.service
登录客户端：mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -uroot -p
修改root密码：alter user ‘root’@’localhost’ identified by ‘root’;

搭建MySQL主从

一、主库

主库设置：my.cnf

# 在 [mysqld] 中增加以下配置项 
server_id=1
# 复制过滤：需要备份的数据库，输出 binlog
#binlog-do-db=db_admin
# 复制过滤：不需要备份的数据库，不输出（mysql 库一般不同步） 
binlog-ignore-db=mysql 
# 开启二进制日志功能，可以随便取，最好有含义 
log-bin=lyz-mysql-bin 
## 为每个 session 分配的内存，在事务过程中用来存储二进制日志的缓存 
binlog_cache_size=1M 
## 主从复制的格式（mixed,statement,row，默认格式是 statement）
binlog_format=mixed
# 二进制日志自动删除/过期的天数。默认值为 0，表示不自动删除。 
expire_logs_days=7
# 跳过主从复制中遇到的所有错误或指定类型的错误，避免 slave 端复制中断。
# 如：1062 错误是指一些主键重复，1032 错误是因为主从数据库数据不一致
slave_skip_errors=1062

登录主库，设置复制账号

grant replication slave, replication client on . to ‘repl’@’127.0.0.1’ identified by ‘123456’;
flush privileges;

查看file和position

show master status;

mysql> show master status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
             File: mysql-bin.000207
         Position: 484110173
     Binlog_Do_DB: db_1,db_2,db_3,test
 Binlog_Ignore_DB: information_schema,performance_schema,mysql
Executed_Gtid_Set:

备份主库

mysqldump -uroot -p db_admin >/tmp/db_admin.sql
XtraBackup

将备份的主库复制到从库

二、从库

修改从库配置my.conf

server_id=132
binlog-ignore-db=mysql 
log-bin=lyz-mysql-slave1-bin 
binlog_format=mixed 
expire_logs_days=7 
slave_skip_errors=1062 
relay_log=lyz-mysql-relay-bin 
log_slave_updates=1
read_only=1

启动从库：service mysqld start
创建要复制的库
导入主库的sql
设置同步参数：change master to master_host=’127.0.0.1’,master_user=’repl’,master_password=’123456’,master_port=3306, master_log_file=’sync-mysql-bin.000002’,master_log_pos=154,master_connect_retry=30;
查看同步状态：show slave status;
开启同步：start slave;
再次查看同步状态：show slave status;

*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.20.44
                  Master_User: replication_user
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000207
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 483988407
               Relay_Log_File: center-rds3-relay-bin.000420
                Relay_Log_Pos: 483988620
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000207
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: db_1,db_2,db_3,test
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 483988407
              Relay_Log_Space: 483988880
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 2044
                  Master_UUID: 6bc97a8a-092d-11ef-aaf1-fa163eb2f36a
             Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version:

三、验证

插入记录
删除记录
更新记录
创建索引
创建表
修改表

四、问题

复制断了

show slave status\G;
STOP SLAVE;
RESET SLAVE;
CHANGE MASTER TO master_log_file='mysql-bin.000069', master_log_pos=941883577;
START SLAVE;
等到 Seconds_Behind_Master: 0，就是同步到最新

磁盘满了
主从复制延迟

Ubuntu-搭建GitLab

一、操作

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y curl openssh-server ca-certificates tzdata perl
curl -L get.gitlab.cn | bash
sudo EXTERNAL_URL=”https://gitlab.liusir.me" apt-get install -y gitlab-jh
修改hosts：172.19.158.177 gitlab.liusir.me
- 172.19.158.177是安装的Linux地址
安装成功，访问：https://gitlab.liusir.me
- 默认用户：root
- 默认密码：/etc/gitlab/initial_root_password
卸载：sudo gitlab-ctl stop && sudo gitlab-ctl remove-accounts
登录gitlab后台
修改密码
新建群组
新建项目

二、问题

gitlab-ctl reconfigure
SSL certificate problem: self-signed certificate
- export GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY=true
  - Windows: set GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY=true git clone
  - Linux：env GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY=true git push
- git config –global http.sslVerify “false”

三、参考

参考一

Windows下开发，WSL下运行

一、VS Code

装扩展：扩展面板搜 Remote - WSL（发布者是 Microsoft，ID ms-vscode-remote.remote-wsl）
在WSL下进入项目目录
code .
- 第一次打开会提示下载组件
- 左下角出现 WSL: OS-xx(如Ubuntu-24.04) 就是成功了
命令模式下：WSL: Reopen Folder in WSL补救
- Ctrl + Shift + P

二、phpstorm

打开phpstorm
File > Open，选择对应的路径
配置WSL解释器
- Ctrl + Alt + S > PHP > CLI 解释器 > … > 左上角+ > 选 From Docker, Vagrant, VM, WSL, Remote… → 方法选 WSL：
php -v，验证配置是否成功